Effect of nitrogen on corrosion behavior of 28Cr-7Ni duplex and microduplex stainless steels in air-saturated 3.5 wt% NaCl solution

The corrosion behavior of 28Cr-7Ni-O-0.34N duplex stainless steels in air-saturated 3.5-wt% NaCl solution at pH 2, 7, 10 and 27 °C was studied by the potentiodynamic method. Two types of microstructures were investigated: the as-forged duplex and microduplex (average austenite grain size 5-16 μm) structures. The austenite volume fractions of the tested steels were between 0.35 and 0.64. The nitrogen effect on corrosion behaviors of both duplex and microduplex stainless steels were the same. At pH 2, the corrosion potential increased when the nitrogen content increased, however, corrosion current density as well as corrosion rate decreased. At pH 7 and 10, the effect of nitrogen on corrosion potential and corrosion rate could not be observed. Corrosion potential at pH 10 was lower than at pH 7. Pitting potential increased when the nitrogen content in the tested steels increased at all tested pH. For the nitrogen effect on the passive current density, it seemed that only at pH 2, the average passive current densities reduced when the nitrogen content increased. Nitrogen may have participated in the passive film or has been involved in the reaction to build up passive film. The ammonium formation and nitrogen enrichment at the interface metal/passive film with adsorption mechanism were discussed. The dissolute nitrogen might have combined with the hydrogen ions in solution to form ammonium ions, resulting in increasing solution pH. The steel could then easily repassivate, hence the corrosion potential and pitting potential would increase. However, the ammonium formation mechanism could not explain the decrease of corrosion potential in basic solution. Nitrogen enrichment at the metal/passive film interface with adsorption mechanism seemed to be an applicable consideration in increasing pitting potential. However, this mechanism did not involve the ammonium ion formation. In general, for the duplex and microduplex stainless steels tested, nitrogen increased the general corrosion resistances in acid solution and pitting corrosion resistance at all solution pH. Metallographic observation in both tested duplex and microduplex steels after pitting corrosion at all tested pH revealed that, the corroded structure in the tested steels without nitrogen alloying was austenite, but those with nitrogen alloying was ferrite. Even though ferrite had a higher chromium content than austenite but higher dissolved nitrogen in austenite than in ferrite may have increased the pitting resistance equivalent number (PRE) of austenite to be higher than that of ferrite.     

含钪Al-Cu-Li-Zr合金的热处理

通过显微组织观察和室温拉伸实验，研究了固溶处理制度和时效前预变形对含Sc的Al-Cu-Li-Zr合金力学性能与显微组织的影响。结果表明：适当提高固溶温度或延长固溶时间可以促进合金中过剩相的溶解，提高合金的强度和塑性；时效前适量的预变形促进T1相的大量弥散、细小析出，显著提高合金强度。过大的预变形量使T1相变得粗大且分布不均匀，合金强度降低。合金适宜的固溶制度为530℃，保温60min，适宜的预变形量为3．5％。     

苯并三氮唑缓蚀剂在铜表面覆盖行为的研究

应用交流阻抗方法研究了高浓度氯离子条件下的铜表 面苯并三氮唑(BTA)覆盖层随溶液中BTA浓度的变化规律.BTA浓度在0 mol/L～4.20×10-3 mol/L之间时，BTA覆盖层不能完全覆盖铜表面，覆盖度随CaCl2溶液中BTA含量的增加而增加；BTA浓度大于4.20×10-3 mol/L即可在铜表面形成较为完整的覆盖层，其覆盖度在0.8～0.9之间.BTA浓度小于9.42×10-3mol/L时，BTA覆盖层的厚度随浓度的提高也会有所增加；大于9.42×10-3mol/L后，BTA在铜表面的覆盖度和覆盖层厚度都达到稳定值.      

20#钢在聚丙烯酰胺驱油溶液中的腐蚀行为

采用电化学测试和SEM、XRD、XPS等多种表面分析技术，对20#钢在聚丙烯酰胺驱油溶液中的腐蚀进行了系统的研究.结果表明：20#钢在聚丙烯酰胺驱油溶液中的腐蚀为活性溶解腐蚀；浸泡后20#钢表面产生了大量的腐蚀坑和腐蚀沟，形成的腐蚀产物为FeOOH，Fe3O4和Fe2O3；腐蚀产物晶粒细化，结构趋于非晶态；20#钢的腐蚀还会引起聚丙烯酰胺的降解，降低了聚丙烯酰胺驱油溶液的稳定性.      

置氢量对TC4钛合金激光焊接头组织相变及硬度的影响

采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)等研究了置氢量分别在0%、0.05%、0.16%和0.37%时的TC4钛合金激光焊接头的显微组织及相变,并用数字显微硬度计分析置氢后接头硬度的变化规律,阐述其影响机制。结果表明:随着置氢量的增加,母材中的α相减少,β相增加;焊缝组织由针状马氏体α′相转变为片层状组织,且母材和焊缝组织向同一方向转变。接头显微硬度随置氢量的增加逐渐降低,且母材和焊缝的硬度差值逐步缩小,当置氢量为0.37%时,焊缝和母材的硬度差最小,为13 HV。置氢量影响TC4钛合金接头硬度的原因是接头中软化相β、氢化物δ和氢的固溶强化等引起的多种相变的作用。     

X70管线钢在近中性及高pH值溶液中的电化学行为和SCC敏感性

采用动电位极化曲线测试法研究了温度、通气条件和pH值对X70管线钢在NS4溶液和0.5 mol/LNa2CO3 1 mol/L NaHCO3溶液中的电化学极化行为的影响,并用慢应变速率试验(SSRT)研究了X70管线钢在这些溶液中的应力腐蚀破裂(SCC)敏感性。结果表明,X70管线钢在NS4溶液中不出现活化—钝化转变区,随外加电位负移,SCC敏感性增加,表现出氢致破裂(HIC)的特征;在0.5 mol/L Na2CO3 1 mol/L NaHCO3高pH值溶液中出现活化—钝化转变区,在阴极极化区,也表现出氢致破裂(HIC)的特征,但在阳极极化区,发生的是阳极溶解型应力腐蚀破裂(ADSCC)。     

弯曲回弹逆解公式及其在焊管预弯机组设计中的应用

根据小曲率弯曲成形的特点，考虑了板料弯曲的纯弹性变形部分对回弹的影响，推导出根据板料强度、厚度和最终成形半径直接计算弯曲半径的回弹逆解公式，并应用于大口径UOE焊管预弯成形的设计上。根据计算公式给出了B-X100钢级板料UOE焊管预弯成形的预弯辊半径优化设计诺谟图。     

LaNi4.5Al0.5储氢合金固溶相的密度泛函研究

基于密度泛函理论,采用全势线性缀加平面波方法（FLAPW）,研究LaNi4.5Al0.5储氢合金固溶相α-LaNi4.5Al0.5H0.5和α-LaNi4.5Al0.5H1.0中H原子的占位、态密度和电子密度,分析了H原子的加入对固溶体电子结构和稳定性的影响。结果表明：从能量角度计算得到α-LaNi4.5Al0.5H0.5中H原子最可能占据靠近Al的6m位,α-LaNi4.5Al0.5H1.0中的两个H原子最可能占据6m和4h＊位;随着H原子的增加,晶胞主要沿着c轴方向膨胀;Al和Ni,H之间的相互作用是合金含氢固溶体保持稳定的主要因素;态密度图中低能量区域的态密度越大固溶体越稳定;如果EF处于带隙的底部,则体系较稳定。计算结果与已有的实验结果非常一致。     

铝酸钠溶液性质对超声空化作用及种分过程超声强化的影响

用相同频率和输入功率的超声波对不同Na2Ok浓度和ακ的铝酸钠溶液进行处理,通过对恒温种分过程中相同反应时间的分解率和粒度分布特点的比较,发现在超声波作用条件相同的情况下,超声波对铝酸钠溶液的强化作用随着铝酸钠溶液苛性碱浓度的降低而加强,且超声波对ακ为1.55时的铝酸钠溶液的强化作用较其他ακ的强.通过对不同Na2Ok浓度和ακ条件下铝酸钠溶液表面张力系数的测定及超声波声致荧光影像的研究,初步探讨了溶液物理性质对超声强化作用和超声空化作用的影响及超声波作用的机理.     

State of the Art Treatment of Non-Ferrous Castings 3-in-1 Heat Treatment Systems Combine Foundry Processes

The interior of a high-pressure die-casting is of an unsatisfactory quality. Engine blocks made with this die casting process show lower specific engine performance. Pressure die-casting can hardly be heat treated for obvious reasons PSM (Precision Sand Molds) process uses sand and organic binder to generate a mold and even allows the manufacturing of complex diesel engine blocks in aluminum alloys. Combined technologies are available for semi-permanent mold castings with cores and castings made in Precision Sand Molds with organic binders. Castings are placed into the special heat treatment furnace immediately after pouting without the operations in stand alone machinery. This patented Sand Lion^R 3-in-1 technology processes hot castings and carries out three (3) foundry processes simultaneously in one (1) automated machine: 1) De-coring and sand removal; 2) Thermal sand reclamation; 3) Solution heat treatment of castings. The combination of several main casting processes is reflected in significant reductions of energy consumption, of production costs, and improving the quality of the castings. Audits in foundries using the 3-in-1 process showed an average reduction in production costs of more than 30%.